Pakistan’s Industrial Landscape # 파키스탄 산업 지형도·핵심 섹터
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# Pakistan’s Industrial Landscape
# 파키스탄 산업 지형도·핵심 섹터
---
## English
### 1) Big-picture structure (what drives the economy)
Pakistan’s production structure is service-led, with **services at ~58.4% of GDP**, **industry ~18.1%**, and **agriculture ~23.5%** (FY2025, provisional).
In FY2025, **GDP growth was ~2.68%**, with **industry growing ~4.77%**, **services ~2.91%**, and **agriculture ~0.56%**. The Economic Survey also reports **GDP size ~US$411bn** and **per-capita income ~US$1,824** (FY2025).
### 2) Agriculture + agro-processing (still foundational)
Agriculture is not “just farming”; it is a supply chain: inputs (seed/fertilizer), on-farm production, collection/trading, storage/cold chain, mills, food processing, and export logistics. The Economic Survey highlights that **livestock is the dominant component** (about **63.6% of agriculture**, **~14.97% of GDP**), while crops and cotton ginning can be more volatile year-to-year.
Export data shows food/agri-linked items remain material—e.g., rice and fish appear among leading export commodities in April 2025. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 3) Textiles & apparel (the export workhorse)
Pakistan’s external goods profile is heavily textile-centered. In April 2025, top exports by value included **knitwear, readymade garments, bed wear, cotton cloth, towels**, alongside **rice**. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
That pattern matters industrially because it ties together cotton, spinning/weaving, dyeing/finishing, garment manufacturing, packaging, and port throughput—so energy reliability, water management, compliance (labor/environment), and FX policies directly affect competitiveness.
### 4) Industry: manufacturing, construction, mining/energy extraction
The Economic Survey notes that while overall industry grew in FY2025, **large-scale manufacturing (LSM) contracted (~-1.53%)**, indicating uneven performance and sensitivity to financing costs, imports of intermediate inputs, and demand conditions.
Construction was reported as a relative bright spot (notably **~6.61% growth** in FY2025 in the cited section), benefiting from public development spending and base effects.
Mining/quarrying performance was mixed; the Survey cites declines in **crude oil** and **natural gas** production with modest growth in **coal**.
### 5) Energy & power sector (the “cost of doing business” constraint)
A recurring industrial constraint is power cost and reliability. Reporting highlights rapid adoption of solar and storage: Pakistan imported solar panels with **~19GW capacity in 2024**, and industrial sites are deploying batteries to smooth intermittency and keep factories running. ([Financial Times][2])
This links to broader structural reform priorities—especially in the energy sector—under Pakistan’s IMF-supported program. ([Reuters][3])
### 6) IT & digitally delivered services (a fast-growing export lane)
Pakistan’s IT/ITeS segment is increasingly important for export diversification (software services, BPO, fintech-enablers, remote engineering). One widely cited recent figure (attributed to the State Bank of Pakistan in local reporting) puts **IT/ITeS exports at ~US$3.8bn in FY2024–25**, up from the prior year. ([Business Recorder][4])
### 7) Cement and materials (domestic + regional export play)
Cement is a scale industry tied to construction cycles and energy costs. Trade reporting indicates capacity expansion—one industry report cites **~84.58M tonnes/year capacity in FY2024–25** (referencing Pakistan’s Economic Survey). ([CemNet][5])
Recent market reporting also emphasizes surplus capacity and an export push. ([Argus Media][6])
### 8) Trade & import dependence (key for industrial planning)
Pakistan’s import basket signals what local industry needs: in April 2025, leading imports included **crude petroleum, electrical machinery, petroleum products, palm oil, iron & steel, LNG, plastics, raw cotton, scrap, and CKD/SKD motor cars**. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
For industrial strategy, this implies recurring exposure to global energy prices, FX availability, and shipping costs—while also pointing to “import substitution” opportunities (selected chemicals, plastics, components, agri-value chain inputs) where feasible.
### 9) Policy/investment backdrop (why reform matters)
Pakistan remains in an IMF program framework; Reuters reports the IMF board approved a review on **December 8, 2025**, unlocking **~US$1.2bn**, and notes planned privatization steps (e.g., PIA stake bidding schedule). ([Reuters][3])
Separately, Reuters also reports IMF analysis suggesting material upside from governance and anti-corruption improvements—relevant to investor confidence and SOE performance. ([Reuters][7])
---
## 한국어
### 1) 산업 구조 한눈에 보기
파키스탄 경제는 **서비스업 비중이 가장 크고(약 58.4%)**, **산업(약 18.1%)**, **농업(약 23.5%)** 순으로 구성됩니다(FY2025, 잠정).
FY2025 기준 **실질 GDP 성장률 약 2.68%**, **산업 +4.77%**, **서비스 +2.91%**, **농업 +0.56%**로 집계되어 “산업은 반등, 농업은 정체” 성격이 강합니다.
### 2) 농업·축산·식품가공: ‘기초 산업 생태계’
농업은 생산(작물)만이 아니라 유통·가공·수출까지 이어지는 가치사슬입니다. 특히 **축산이 농업 내 비중 약 63.6%**, **GDP 기여 약 14.97%**로 매우 큽니다.
수출 품목에서도 쌀, 수산물 등 농식품 연계 품목이 상위권에 포함됩니다. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 3) 섬유·의류: 수출 중심축
2025년 4월 기준 주요 수출 품목 상위에 **니트웨어, 기성의류, 침구류, 면직물, 타월** 등이 포함되어 섬유·의류가 대외산업의 핵심임을 보여줍니다. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
이 산업은 전력·가스·물(염색/가공), 물류·통관, 환율·금융 비용에 매우 민감합니다.
### 4) 제조·건설·자원: 업종별 온도차
FY2025에 산업 전체는 성장했지만, **대규모 제조업(LSM)은 -1.53%**로 부진이 동반되는 등 업종별 편차가 컸습니다.
반면 건설은 해당 구간에서 **+6.61%**로 상대적으로 강하게 나타납니다(공공투자·기저효과 영향).
자원 부문은 원유·천연가스 생산 감소, 석탄의 제한적 증가 등 혼재된 흐름이 언급됩니다.
### 5) 에너지: 산업경쟁력의 ‘현장 변수’
전기요금과 정전/공급 안정성은 공장 가동률과 수출 납기에 직결됩니다. 보도에 따르면 2024년 **태양광 패널 약 19GW 규모 수입**, 배터리 저장장치 확산 등 “자구적 전력 안정화”가 빠르게 진행 중입니다. ([Financial Times][2])
IMF 프로그램 하에서 에너지 부문 구조개혁이 중요한 정책 축으로 다뤄지고 있습니다. ([Reuters][3])
### 6) IT·디지털 서비스: 다변화 성장축
파키스탄은 소프트웨어/ITeS 기반 서비스 수출을 확대 중이며, 현지 보도는 **FY2024–25 IT/ITeS 수출 약 38억 달러** 수준을 언급합니다(중앙은행 수치 인용). ([Business Recorder][4])
### 7) 시멘트·소재: 내수+수출 병행 산업
시멘트는 건설 경기와 에너지비용에 크게 좌우됩니다. 한 업계 보고는 FY2024–25 기준 **생산능력 약 84.58Mt**를 언급합니다(경제조사 자료 인용). ([CemNet][5])
동시에 잉여능력을 바탕으로 수출 확대 흐름도 보도됩니다. ([Argus Media][6])
### 8) 수입 구조가 말해주는 산업 과제
2025년 4월 주요 수입에는 **원유·석유제품, 전기기계, 철강, LNG, 플라스틱 원료, 원면, 자동차 CKD/SKD** 등이 포함됩니다. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
즉, 에너지·부품·원재료의 대외 의존과 환율/물류 리스크가 산업 전반에 파급됩니다.
### 9) 투자·정책 환경
로이터는 **2025년 12월 8일** IMF 이사회가 검토를 승인해 **약 12억 달러**가 집행되었고, 민영화 절차(PIA 등) 일정도 보도했습니다. ([Reuters][3])
또 다른 로이터 보도는 거버넌스·부패 통제 개선이 성장 잠재력을 높일 수 있다는 IMF 진단을 전합니다. ([Reuters][7])
---
## 日本語
### 1) 産業構造（全体像）
パキスタンはサービス主導で、**サービス約58.4%**、**産業約18.1%**、**農業約23.5%**がGDP構成の目安です（FY2025、暫定）。
FY2025の成長率は**GDP約2.68%**、**産業+4.77%**、**サービス+2.91%**、**農業+0.56%**とされます。
### 2) 農業・畜産・食品加工
農業は一次生産だけでなく、集荷・加工・輸出までのサプライチェーンです。特に**畜産は農業の約63.6%**、**GDPの約14.97%**と比重が大きい点が特徴です。
輸出品目にも米や水産加工品が上位に入ります。 ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 3) 繊維・アパレル（輸出の中核）
2025年4月の主要輸出には**ニット製品、既製服、寝具、綿布、タオル**等が並び、繊維系が外貨獲得の柱であることが分かります。 ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 4) 製造・建設・資源
産業は回復基調でも、**大規模製造（LSM）は-1.53%**と弱さが残るとされています。
建設は当該箇所で**+6.61%**と相対的に強めの数字が示されています。
資源面では原油・天然ガスの減少、石炭の小幅増などが記載されています。
### 5) 電力・エネルギー（産業コストの要）
報道では、2024年に**約19GW相当の太陽光パネル輸入**、蓄電池の導入拡大などが取り上げられています。 ([Financial Times][2])
IMF支援プログラムの中でも、エネルギー部門改革が重要論点です。 ([Reuters][3])
### 6) IT・デジタルサービス
地場報道は、中央銀行データとして**FY2024–25のIT/ITeS輸出約38億ドル**に言及しています。 ([Business Recorder][4])
### 7) セメント・素材
FY2024–25のセメント生産能力について、業界報道は**約84.58Mt**に拡大したと伝えています（経済調査引用）。 ([CemNet][5])
余剰能力を背景に輸出拡大の動きも報じられています。 ([Argus Media][6])
### 8) 貿易（輸入構造）
主要輸入には**原油、電気機械、鉄鋼、LNG、プラスチック原料、原綿、CKD/SKD自動車**などが含まれます。 ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
---
## Español
### 1) Estructura productiva (visión general)
Pakistán es una economía impulsada por servicios: **servicios ~58,4% del PIB**, **industria ~18,1%**, **agricultura ~23,5%** (FY2025, provisional).
En FY2025 el **PIB creció ~2,68%**; la **industria ~4,77%**, los **servicios ~2,91%** y la **agricultura ~0,56%**.
### 2) Agricultura y agroindustria
La agricultura incluye cadenas de valor completas (insumos, producción, acopio, molienda, procesado, logística). Destaca la **ganadería**: **~63,6% de la agricultura** y **~14,97% del PIB**.
En exportaciones aparecen productos vinculados (arroz, pescado procesado, etc.). ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 3) Textil y confección (núcleo exportador)
En abril de 2025, los principales rubros exportados incluyen **prendas de punto (knitwear), confección (readymade garments), ropa de cama (bed wear), tela de algodón, toallas**, además de **arroz**. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 4) Industria, construcción y recursos
Aunque el sector industrial crece, el informe cita **caída del “large-scale manufacturing (LSM)” de ~-1,53%** (FY2025), mostrando heterogeneidad sectorial.
La construcción figura con **~+6,61%** en el pasaje citado.
En minería/energía se mencionan descensos en crudo y gas natural, con leve mejora del carbón.
### 5) Energía (competitividad industrial)
Se reporta una rápida expansión de solar y almacenamiento: importaciones de paneles con **~19GW de capacidad en 2024** y uso de baterías para continuidad operativa. ([Financial Times][2])
El programa con el FMI enfatiza reformas estructurales, incluida energía. ([Reuters][3])
### 6) Servicios digitales (IT/ITeS)
Medios locales, citando al banco central, mencionan **~US$3,8bn de exportaciones IT/ITeS en FY2024–25**. ([Business Recorder][4])
### 7) Cemento y materiales
Un reporte sectorial señala capacidad de cemento **~84,58Mt** en FY2024–25 (referenciando la encuesta económica). ([CemNet][5])
También se reporta estrategia de exportación por excedentes de capacidad. ([Argus Media][6])
### 8) Importaciones clave
En abril de 2025 destacan importaciones de **crudo, maquinaria eléctrica, productos petroleros, acero, LNG, plásticos, algodón en bruto y autos CKD/SKD**. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
---
## Français
### 1) Structure industrielle et économique (vue d’ensemble)
Le Pakistan est tiré par les services : **services ~58,4% du PIB**, **industrie ~18,1%**, **agriculture ~23,5%** (FY2025, provisoire).
En FY2025, la croissance du **PIB ~2,68%** ; **industrie ~+4,77%**, **services ~+2,91%**, **agriculture ~+0,56%**.
### 2) Agriculture et agro-industrie
L’agriculture s’exprime en chaînes de valeur (intrants, production, collecte, transformation, logistique). La **filière élevage** domine : **~63,6% de l’agriculture** et **~14,97% du PIB**.
Les exportations incluent des produits liés (riz, produits de la mer, etc.). ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 3) Textile–habillement (pilier des exportations)
En avril 2025, les principaux postes exportés comprennent **articles en maille (knitwear), vêtements confectionnés, linge de lit, toile de coton, serviettes**, ainsi que **le riz**. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 4) Industrie, construction, ressources
Le rapport mentionne une contraction de la **grande industrie manufacturière (LSM) ~-1,53%** en FY2025, malgré une reprise industrielle globale—signe d’une performance inégale.
La construction apparaît à **~+6,61%** dans l’extrait cité.
Côté extraction, baisse du pétrole brut et du gaz naturel, et légère hausse du charbon.
### 5) Énergie (coût et fiabilité)
La presse souligne l’essor du solaire et du stockage : importations de panneaux représentant **~19GW en 2024**, et batteries pour sécuriser la continuité industrielle. ([Financial Times][2])
Le programme FMI met l’accent sur des réformes structurelles, notamment dans l’énergie. ([Reuters][3])
### 6) IT et services numériques
Des médias locaux, citant la banque centrale, évoquent **~3,8 Md$ d’exportations IT/ITeS en FY2024–25**. ([Business Recorder][4])
### 7) Ciment et matériaux
Un suivi sectoriel indique une capacité cimentière **~84,58 Mt** en FY2024–25 (référence à l’enquête économique). ([CemNet][5])
Des articles de marché évoquent aussi un mouvement d’exportation lié à la surcapacité. ([Argus Media][6])
### 8) Importations structurantes
En avril 2025, les importations majeures incluent **pétrole brut, machines électriques, produits pétroliers, acier, LNG, plastiques, coton brut, véhicules CKD/SKD**. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
[1]: https://www.pbs.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Release-Statement-April-2025.pdf "Government of Pakistan"
[2]: https://www.ft.com/content/2b4c598e-a4b3-4c6e-9c38-97e46357f819?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Chinese battery glut plugs into solar boom to power Pakistan"
[3]: https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/imf-board-signs-off-pakistan-review-keeps-7-billion-program-on-track-2025-12-08/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IMF board signs off on Pakistan review, keeps $7 billion program on track"
[4]: https://www.brecorder.com/news/40373350?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Pakistan's IT exports surge to all-time high of $3.8 billion in ..."
[5]: https://www.cemnet.com/News/story/179317/pakistan-s-cement-capacity-expands-to-84-58mta-in-fy24-25.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Pakistan's cement capacity expands to 84.58Mta in FY24-25"
[6]: https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news-and-insights/latest-market-news/2758439-pakistan-aims-for-record-high-cement-exports?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Pakistan aims for record-high cement exports"
[7]: https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/imf-sees-65-gdp-upside-if-pakistan-fixes-corruption-governance-2025-11-20/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IMF sees 6.5% GDP upside if Pakistan fixes corruption, governance"
# 파키스탄 산업 지형도·핵심 섹터
---
## English
### 1) Big-picture structure (what drives the economy)
Pakistan’s production structure is service-led, with **services at ~58.4% of GDP**, **industry ~18.1%**, and **agriculture ~23.5%** (FY2025, provisional).
In FY2025, **GDP growth was ~2.68%**, with **industry growing ~4.77%**, **services ~2.91%**, and **agriculture ~0.56%**. The Economic Survey also reports **GDP size ~US$411bn** and **per-capita income ~US$1,824** (FY2025).
### 2) Agriculture + agro-processing (still foundational)
Agriculture is not “just farming”; it is a supply chain: inputs (seed/fertilizer), on-farm production, collection/trading, storage/cold chain, mills, food processing, and export logistics. The Economic Survey highlights that **livestock is the dominant component** (about **63.6% of agriculture**, **~14.97% of GDP**), while crops and cotton ginning can be more volatile year-to-year.
Export data shows food/agri-linked items remain material—e.g., rice and fish appear among leading export commodities in April 2025. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 3) Textiles & apparel (the export workhorse)
Pakistan’s external goods profile is heavily textile-centered. In April 2025, top exports by value included **knitwear, readymade garments, bed wear, cotton cloth, towels**, alongside **rice**. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
That pattern matters industrially because it ties together cotton, spinning/weaving, dyeing/finishing, garment manufacturing, packaging, and port throughput—so energy reliability, water management, compliance (labor/environment), and FX policies directly affect competitiveness.
### 4) Industry: manufacturing, construction, mining/energy extraction
The Economic Survey notes that while overall industry grew in FY2025, **large-scale manufacturing (LSM) contracted (~-1.53%)**, indicating uneven performance and sensitivity to financing costs, imports of intermediate inputs, and demand conditions.
Construction was reported as a relative bright spot (notably **~6.61% growth** in FY2025 in the cited section), benefiting from public development spending and base effects.
Mining/quarrying performance was mixed; the Survey cites declines in **crude oil** and **natural gas** production with modest growth in **coal**.
### 5) Energy & power sector (the “cost of doing business” constraint)
A recurring industrial constraint is power cost and reliability. Reporting highlights rapid adoption of solar and storage: Pakistan imported solar panels with **~19GW capacity in 2024**, and industrial sites are deploying batteries to smooth intermittency and keep factories running. ([Financial Times][2])
This links to broader structural reform priorities—especially in the energy sector—under Pakistan’s IMF-supported program. ([Reuters][3])
### 6) IT & digitally delivered services (a fast-growing export lane)
Pakistan’s IT/ITeS segment is increasingly important for export diversification (software services, BPO, fintech-enablers, remote engineering). One widely cited recent figure (attributed to the State Bank of Pakistan in local reporting) puts **IT/ITeS exports at ~US$3.8bn in FY2024–25**, up from the prior year. ([Business Recorder][4])
### 7) Cement and materials (domestic + regional export play)
Cement is a scale industry tied to construction cycles and energy costs. Trade reporting indicates capacity expansion—one industry report cites **~84.58M tonnes/year capacity in FY2024–25** (referencing Pakistan’s Economic Survey). ([CemNet][5])
Recent market reporting also emphasizes surplus capacity and an export push. ([Argus Media][6])
### 8) Trade & import dependence (key for industrial planning)
Pakistan’s import basket signals what local industry needs: in April 2025, leading imports included **crude petroleum, electrical machinery, petroleum products, palm oil, iron & steel, LNG, plastics, raw cotton, scrap, and CKD/SKD motor cars**. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
For industrial strategy, this implies recurring exposure to global energy prices, FX availability, and shipping costs—while also pointing to “import substitution” opportunities (selected chemicals, plastics, components, agri-value chain inputs) where feasible.
### 9) Policy/investment backdrop (why reform matters)
Pakistan remains in an IMF program framework; Reuters reports the IMF board approved a review on **December 8, 2025**, unlocking **~US$1.2bn**, and notes planned privatization steps (e.g., PIA stake bidding schedule). ([Reuters][3])
Separately, Reuters also reports IMF analysis suggesting material upside from governance and anti-corruption improvements—relevant to investor confidence and SOE performance. ([Reuters][7])
---
## 한국어
### 1) 산업 구조 한눈에 보기
파키스탄 경제는 **서비스업 비중이 가장 크고(약 58.4%)**, **산업(약 18.1%)**, **농업(약 23.5%)** 순으로 구성됩니다(FY2025, 잠정).
FY2025 기준 **실질 GDP 성장률 약 2.68%**, **산업 +4.77%**, **서비스 +2.91%**, **농업 +0.56%**로 집계되어 “산업은 반등, 농업은 정체” 성격이 강합니다.
### 2) 농업·축산·식품가공: ‘기초 산업 생태계’
농업은 생산(작물)만이 아니라 유통·가공·수출까지 이어지는 가치사슬입니다. 특히 **축산이 농업 내 비중 약 63.6%**, **GDP 기여 약 14.97%**로 매우 큽니다.
수출 품목에서도 쌀, 수산물 등 농식품 연계 품목이 상위권에 포함됩니다. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 3) 섬유·의류: 수출 중심축
2025년 4월 기준 주요 수출 품목 상위에 **니트웨어, 기성의류, 침구류, 면직물, 타월** 등이 포함되어 섬유·의류가 대외산업의 핵심임을 보여줍니다. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
이 산업은 전력·가스·물(염색/가공), 물류·통관, 환율·금융 비용에 매우 민감합니다.
### 4) 제조·건설·자원: 업종별 온도차
FY2025에 산업 전체는 성장했지만, **대규모 제조업(LSM)은 -1.53%**로 부진이 동반되는 등 업종별 편차가 컸습니다.
반면 건설은 해당 구간에서 **+6.61%**로 상대적으로 강하게 나타납니다(공공투자·기저효과 영향).
자원 부문은 원유·천연가스 생산 감소, 석탄의 제한적 증가 등 혼재된 흐름이 언급됩니다.
### 5) 에너지: 산업경쟁력의 ‘현장 변수’
전기요금과 정전/공급 안정성은 공장 가동률과 수출 납기에 직결됩니다. 보도에 따르면 2024년 **태양광 패널 약 19GW 규모 수입**, 배터리 저장장치 확산 등 “자구적 전력 안정화”가 빠르게 진행 중입니다. ([Financial Times][2])
IMF 프로그램 하에서 에너지 부문 구조개혁이 중요한 정책 축으로 다뤄지고 있습니다. ([Reuters][3])
### 6) IT·디지털 서비스: 다변화 성장축
파키스탄은 소프트웨어/ITeS 기반 서비스 수출을 확대 중이며, 현지 보도는 **FY2024–25 IT/ITeS 수출 약 38억 달러** 수준을 언급합니다(중앙은행 수치 인용). ([Business Recorder][4])
### 7) 시멘트·소재: 내수+수출 병행 산업
시멘트는 건설 경기와 에너지비용에 크게 좌우됩니다. 한 업계 보고는 FY2024–25 기준 **생산능력 약 84.58Mt**를 언급합니다(경제조사 자료 인용). ([CemNet][5])
동시에 잉여능력을 바탕으로 수출 확대 흐름도 보도됩니다. ([Argus Media][6])
### 8) 수입 구조가 말해주는 산업 과제
2025년 4월 주요 수입에는 **원유·석유제품, 전기기계, 철강, LNG, 플라스틱 원료, 원면, 자동차 CKD/SKD** 등이 포함됩니다. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
즉, 에너지·부품·원재료의 대외 의존과 환율/물류 리스크가 산업 전반에 파급됩니다.
### 9) 투자·정책 환경
로이터는 **2025년 12월 8일** IMF 이사회가 검토를 승인해 **약 12억 달러**가 집행되었고, 민영화 절차(PIA 등) 일정도 보도했습니다. ([Reuters][3])
또 다른 로이터 보도는 거버넌스·부패 통제 개선이 성장 잠재력을 높일 수 있다는 IMF 진단을 전합니다. ([Reuters][7])
---
## 日本語
### 1) 産業構造（全体像）
パキスタンはサービス主導で、**サービス約58.4%**、**産業約18.1%**、**農業約23.5%**がGDP構成の目安です（FY2025、暫定）。
FY2025の成長率は**GDP約2.68%**、**産業+4.77%**、**サービス+2.91%**、**農業+0.56%**とされます。
### 2) 農業・畜産・食品加工
農業は一次生産だけでなく、集荷・加工・輸出までのサプライチェーンです。特に**畜産は農業の約63.6%**、**GDPの約14.97%**と比重が大きい点が特徴です。
輸出品目にも米や水産加工品が上位に入ります。 ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 3) 繊維・アパレル（輸出の中核）
2025年4月の主要輸出には**ニット製品、既製服、寝具、綿布、タオル**等が並び、繊維系が外貨獲得の柱であることが分かります。 ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 4) 製造・建設・資源
産業は回復基調でも、**大規模製造（LSM）は-1.53%**と弱さが残るとされています。
建設は当該箇所で**+6.61%**と相対的に強めの数字が示されています。
資源面では原油・天然ガスの減少、石炭の小幅増などが記載されています。
### 5) 電力・エネルギー（産業コストの要）
報道では、2024年に**約19GW相当の太陽光パネル輸入**、蓄電池の導入拡大などが取り上げられています。 ([Financial Times][2])
IMF支援プログラムの中でも、エネルギー部門改革が重要論点です。 ([Reuters][3])
### 6) IT・デジタルサービス
地場報道は、中央銀行データとして**FY2024–25のIT/ITeS輸出約38億ドル**に言及しています。 ([Business Recorder][4])
### 7) セメント・素材
FY2024–25のセメント生産能力について、業界報道は**約84.58Mt**に拡大したと伝えています（経済調査引用）。 ([CemNet][5])
余剰能力を背景に輸出拡大の動きも報じられています。 ([Argus Media][6])
### 8) 貿易（輸入構造）
主要輸入には**原油、電気機械、鉄鋼、LNG、プラスチック原料、原綿、CKD/SKD自動車**などが含まれます。 ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
---
## Español
### 1) Estructura productiva (visión general)
Pakistán es una economía impulsada por servicios: **servicios ~58,4% del PIB**, **industria ~18,1%**, **agricultura ~23,5%** (FY2025, provisional).
En FY2025 el **PIB creció ~2,68%**; la **industria ~4,77%**, los **servicios ~2,91%** y la **agricultura ~0,56%**.
### 2) Agricultura y agroindustria
La agricultura incluye cadenas de valor completas (insumos, producción, acopio, molienda, procesado, logística). Destaca la **ganadería**: **~63,6% de la agricultura** y **~14,97% del PIB**.
En exportaciones aparecen productos vinculados (arroz, pescado procesado, etc.). ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 3) Textil y confección (núcleo exportador)
En abril de 2025, los principales rubros exportados incluyen **prendas de punto (knitwear), confección (readymade garments), ropa de cama (bed wear), tela de algodón, toallas**, además de **arroz**. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 4) Industria, construcción y recursos
Aunque el sector industrial crece, el informe cita **caída del “large-scale manufacturing (LSM)” de ~-1,53%** (FY2025), mostrando heterogeneidad sectorial.
La construcción figura con **~+6,61%** en el pasaje citado.
En minería/energía se mencionan descensos en crudo y gas natural, con leve mejora del carbón.
### 5) Energía (competitividad industrial)
Se reporta una rápida expansión de solar y almacenamiento: importaciones de paneles con **~19GW de capacidad en 2024** y uso de baterías para continuidad operativa. ([Financial Times][2])
El programa con el FMI enfatiza reformas estructurales, incluida energía. ([Reuters][3])
### 6) Servicios digitales (IT/ITeS)
Medios locales, citando al banco central, mencionan **~US$3,8bn de exportaciones IT/ITeS en FY2024–25**. ([Business Recorder][4])
### 7) Cemento y materiales
Un reporte sectorial señala capacidad de cemento **~84,58Mt** en FY2024–25 (referenciando la encuesta económica). ([CemNet][5])
También se reporta estrategia de exportación por excedentes de capacidad. ([Argus Media][6])
### 8) Importaciones clave
En abril de 2025 destacan importaciones de **crudo, maquinaria eléctrica, productos petroleros, acero, LNG, plásticos, algodón en bruto y autos CKD/SKD**. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
---
## Français
### 1) Structure industrielle et économique (vue d’ensemble)
Le Pakistan est tiré par les services : **services ~58,4% du PIB**, **industrie ~18,1%**, **agriculture ~23,5%** (FY2025, provisoire).
En FY2025, la croissance du **PIB ~2,68%** ; **industrie ~+4,77%**, **services ~+2,91%**, **agriculture ~+0,56%**.
### 2) Agriculture et agro-industrie
L’agriculture s’exprime en chaînes de valeur (intrants, production, collecte, transformation, logistique). La **filière élevage** domine : **~63,6% de l’agriculture** et **~14,97% du PIB**.
Les exportations incluent des produits liés (riz, produits de la mer, etc.). ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 3) Textile–habillement (pilier des exportations)
En avril 2025, les principaux postes exportés comprennent **articles en maille (knitwear), vêtements confectionnés, linge de lit, toile de coton, serviettes**, ainsi que **le riz**. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
### 4) Industrie, construction, ressources
Le rapport mentionne une contraction de la **grande industrie manufacturière (LSM) ~-1,53%** en FY2025, malgré une reprise industrielle globale—signe d’une performance inégale.
La construction apparaît à **~+6,61%** dans l’extrait cité.
Côté extraction, baisse du pétrole brut et du gaz naturel, et légère hausse du charbon.
### 5) Énergie (coût et fiabilité)
La presse souligne l’essor du solaire et du stockage : importations de panneaux représentant **~19GW en 2024**, et batteries pour sécuriser la continuité industrielle. ([Financial Times][2])
Le programme FMI met l’accent sur des réformes structurelles, notamment dans l’énergie. ([Reuters][3])
### 6) IT et services numériques
Des médias locaux, citant la banque centrale, évoquent **~3,8 Md$ d’exportations IT/ITeS en FY2024–25**. ([Business Recorder][4])
### 7) Ciment et matériaux
Un suivi sectoriel indique une capacité cimentière **~84,58 Mt** en FY2024–25 (référence à l’enquête économique). ([CemNet][5])
Des articles de marché évoquent aussi un mouvement d’exportation lié à la surcapacité. ([Argus Media][6])
### 8) Importations structurantes
En avril 2025, les importations majeures incluent **pétrole brut, machines électriques, produits pétroliers, acier, LNG, plastiques, coton brut, véhicules CKD/SKD**. ([pbs.gov.pk][1])
[1]: https://www.pbs.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Release-Statement-April-2025.pdf "Government of Pakistan"
[2]: https://www.ft.com/content/2b4c598e-a4b3-4c6e-9c38-97e46357f819?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Chinese battery glut plugs into solar boom to power Pakistan"
[3]: https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/imf-board-signs-off-pakistan-review-keeps-7-billion-program-on-track-2025-12-08/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IMF board signs off on Pakistan review, keeps $7 billion program on track"
[4]: https://www.brecorder.com/news/40373350?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Pakistan's IT exports surge to all-time high of $3.8 billion in ..."
[5]: https://www.cemnet.com/News/story/179317/pakistan-s-cement-capacity-expands-to-84-58mta-in-fy24-25.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Pakistan's cement capacity expands to 84.58Mta in FY24-25"
[6]: https://www.argusmedia.com/en/news-and-insights/latest-market-news/2758439-pakistan-aims-for-record-high-cement-exports?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Pakistan aims for record-high cement exports"
[7]: https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/imf-sees-65-gdp-upside-if-pakistan-fixes-corruption-governance-2025-11-20/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "IMF sees 6.5% GDP upside if Pakistan fixes corruption, governance"