# Global Bear Attacks — a documentary-style deep dive (EN/KR/JA/ZH) # 전세계 곰 습격 …
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# Global Bear Attacks — a documentary-style deep dive (EN/KR/JA/ZH)
# 전세계 곰 습격 — 다큐멘터리식 심층 리포트 (영/한/일/중)
---
## English — Long-form narrative with evidence-based ranking
### Prologue — Why “ranking” bear attacks is tricky
There is no single global ledger that counts every encounter. Studies are scattered by species, country, and year; many incidents go unreported. Still, converging evidence lets us sketch **which bears and which places currently impose the heaviest risk**: sloth bears in the Indian subcontinent (high frequency), brown bears across Eurasia/North America (moderate frequency, **higher fatality share**), surging encounters in **Japan** (Asiatic black and Hokkaido brown bears), and localized spikes in **Romania** (Carpathian brown bears). ([Nature][1])
---
### Part I — Species leaderboard (what the science and recent reporting suggest)
**#1 Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus)** — **Highest attack frequency on people**
* Multiple studies across India document **hundreds of attacks** in short spans. Historic tallies include **735 attacks in five years** in one state; other compilations review **1,169 attacks** with ~**5–8%** fatality, but a very high rate of severe maulings. Typical contexts: people walking to fields, collecting forest products, surprise daytime encounters. ([PMC][2])
**#2 Brown bear (Ursus arctos; incl. grizzly)** — **Fewer attacks than sloth bears, but a higher fatal fraction**
* A global review estimates **~40 attacks/year** (long-term average), with a **larger share fatal (~14%)** than sloth bears. In **Russia**, compiled records show **hundreds of casualties**, and media report continuing fatalities in the Far East. Romania’s Carpathians show a clear conflict uptick. ([Nature][1])
**#3 Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) & Hokkaido brown bear (U. a. yesoensis)** — **Japan’s surge**
* Japan logged a **record 219 victims, 6 fatalities** in the 12 months through March 2024; authorities culled **9,000+ bears** in that period and later eased emergency shooting rules. This is a **sharp, recent** rise linked to acorn failures, depopulated rural areas, and more human-bear overlap. ([Reuters][3])
**#4 American black bear (Ursus americanus)** — **Many encounters, relatively low fatality rate**
* North American long-term figures show only **a few fatalities per year** despite millions of human-bear interactions. Most incidents are non-fatal defensive swats or food-conditioned approaches escalated by human behavior. ([위키백과][4])
**#5 Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)** — **Rare but often severe in the Arctic**
* Encounters are infrequent (low human density), yet when attacks happen, lethality can be high due to size, predatory framing, and remoteness of medical care. (Robust global numbers are sparse compared with brown/sloth bear datasets.)
**#6 Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) & #7 Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus)** — **Uncommon**
* Verified attacks are comparatively rare and localized; the Andean bear, especially, seldom features in global injury/fatality tallies.
---
### Part II — Country/region heat map (recent burden and trend)
**Tier A — Highest contemporary burden**
1. **India (and parts of Sri Lanka)** — **World’s epicenter for bear maulings**
* Multiple Indian states report **very high sloth-bear conflict**; examples include **hundreds of attacks** over a few years in Madhya Pradesh and frequent injuries in Odisha/Chhattisgarh. Sri Lanka records fewer incidents overall, but severe injuries do occur. ([JSTOR][5])
2. **Russia (Siberia & Far East)** — **Large landscape, steady fatalities**
* Reviews compile **338+ cases** (killed or injured) historically, with focused analyses reporting **178 injuries and 132 fatalities (2001–2018)**; current news continues to document fatal incidents in remote regions. ([BioOne][6])
3. **Japan** — **Record-setting surge (2023–2024)**
* **219 victims, 6 deaths** in one recent 12-month span; the government **relaxed bear-shooting rules** amid rising bear presence in towns. ([Reuters][3])
**Tier B — Significant but lower overall totals**
4. **Romania (Carpathians)** — **Rising conflict in Europe’s biggest brown-bear stronghold outside Russia**
* **26 deaths and 274 serious injuries** in about two decades; **7,500** bear-related emergency calls in **2023** alone; quotas for lethal control were **more than doubled** in 2024–2025 debates. ([Phys.org][7])
5. **United States & Canada** — **Many encounters; relatively few deaths**
* Long-term average: **a handful of fatalities per year** in North America; recent snapshots (2020–2022) show **6 fatal grizzly and 2 fatal black-bear attacks in the U.S.**, with Alaska a consistent hotspot. ([위키백과][8])
6. **Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan (Himalayan arc)** — **Under-reported clusters**
* Included in brown-bear and sloth-bear literature, but with sparse, non-standardized reporting compared with India or Russia. ([Nature][1])
*Method note:* Ordering emphasizes **recent incident load and documented fatalities**, tempered by data quality. Different sources cover different years; the tiers reflect best available public evidence, not perfect comparability. ([Nature][1])
---
### Part III — Anatomy of an attack (patterns that repeat)
* **Surprise at close distance** is the classic trigger (berry thickets, blind bends, dense brush). Brown and sloth bears are most often implicated in **defensive** charges; polar bears more in **predatory** approaches. Time-of-day and season track human activity (fuelwood, honey, mahua, mushroom, acorn foraging). ([Nature][1])
* **Group size matters**: many studies note that **groups are attacked less** than solitary individuals, and making noise reduces surprise. ([PLOS][9])
* **Injury patterns**: sloth-bear maulings often target the **face/head**, leaving severe but survivable trauma; brown-bear attacks more frequently end in fatalities relative to attempts. ([ntnc.org.np][10])
---
### Part IV — What’s driving the rise in some regions?
* **Food failure & climate anomalies** (e.g., acorn mast crashes in Japan) pull bears into towns; **aging hunter numbers** and strict gun laws complicate responses. ([Reuters][3])
* **Population rebounds** (Romania) + **human sprawl & waste** = more contact points. ([Phys.org][7])
* **Resource foraging by people** (India/Russia: mushrooms, honey, fuelwood) increases overlap with bears’ core habitat. ([BioOne][6])
---
### Part V — Fieldcraft that repeatedly saves lives (brief, evidence-aligned)
* Travel **in small groups**, talk/sing on blind trails; avoid dawn/dusk in dense cover.
* Carry **spray** where legal; secure food/waste; never run on first sighting—**back away** while facing the bear.
* In brown/polar predatory approaches: fight with all means; in defensive brown/sloth charges that knock you down: **protect neck/face, play dead** until the bear withdraws (context-dependent; local guidance first).
---
## 한국어 — 심층 서사와 순위
### 프롤로그
단일한 세계 통계는 없습니다. 그럼에도 다수 연구와 최근 보도를 겹쳐 보면 **위험이 큰 축**이 드러납니다: **인도-스리랑카의 나무늘보곰(사금熊; 슬로스베어) 습격 빈도 최상**, **갈색곰(유럽·북미·러시아)의 치명률이 더 높은 경향**, **일본의 최근 급증(반달가슴곰·홋카이도곰)**, **루마니아 카르파티아 산맥의 갈색곰 분쟁 증가**입니다. ([PMC][2])
### 종(種) 순위
1. **나무늘보곰** — **세계 최다 수준의 인명 피해 빈도**. 인도 일부 지역에서 **수년간 수백 건**이 보고되었고, 대규모 합산 연구도 **1,169건**을 정리했습니다(치명률 대략 **5–8%**). ([PMC][2])
2. **갈색곰(그리즐리 포함)** — **공격 수는 중간이지만 치명률이 높음(~14%)**. 러시아는 장기적으로 **수백 건**의 사망·부상 기록이 있습니다. ([Nature][1])
3. **반달가슴곰·홋카이도곰(일본)** — **2023–2024년에 기록적 급증**(피해자 **219명**, 사망 **6명**). ([Reuters][3])
4. **아메리카흑곰** — **조우는 많지만 연간 사망자는 소수**. ([위키백과][4])
5. **북극곰** — **희귀하나 발생 시 치명적일 수 있음**(오지·의료 접근성 문제).
6. **말레이곰**, 7) **안데스곰** — **매우 드묾**.
### 국가/지역 순위(최근 부담 기준)
* **1위 인도(스리랑카 포함)**: **나무늘보곰 분쟁의 세계 중심**. 주 단위로 **수년간 수백 건**이 확인. ([JSTOR][5])
* **2위 러시아(시베리아·원동)**: 2001–2018년에 **부상 178·사망 132** 등 장기 누적이 큼. ([ResearchGate][11])
* **3위 일본**: **12개월 219명 피해/6명 사망**의 신기록, 대응 법규 완화. ([Reuters][3])
* **4위 루마니아**: **20년간 사망 26·중상 274**, 2023년 **7,500건** 신고. ([Phys.org][7])
* **5위 미국·캐나다**: **연간 소수의 사망**(알래스카 등에서 집중). ([위키백과][8])
### 반복되는 패턴과 원인
* **불시 근접 조우**가 핵심 촉발 요인. **그룹 이동·소리 내기**가 위험을 낮춥니다. ([PLOS][9])
* **먹이 흉작·도시화·쓰레기 관리** 문제로 일본·루마니아가 급증. ([가디언][12])
---
## 日本語 — 長編解説と序列
**種別序列**
1. **ナマケグマ**：**世界で最も高頻度**の対人攻撃。インドの一州で**5年間に735件**など、合計**1,169件**レビューも。致死割合は**5–8%**程度だが重傷率が高い。 ([PMC][2])
2. **ヒグマ/ヨーロッパヒグマ**：攻撃数は中程度だが**致死率が高い(~14%)**。ロシアでは**長期的に多数の死傷**が集計。 ([Nature][1])
3. **ツキノワグマ＋エゾヒグマ（日本）**：**2023–24年に急増**（被害者**219人**, 死者**6人**）。 ([Reuters][3])
4. **アメリカグマ**：遭遇は多いが、**死亡は年数件**。 ([위키백과][4])
5. **ホッキョクグマ**：希少だが発生時に重篤化しやすい。
**国・地域序列**
* **1位 インド（＋スリランカ）**：ナマケグマ紛争の中心地。 ([JSTOR][5])
* **2位 ロシア**：2001–2018年で**負傷178・死亡132**など。 ([ResearchGate][11])
* **3位 日本**：**12か月で219件/6人死亡**、射撃規制の緩和。 ([Reuters][3])
* **4位 ルーマニア**：**20年で26人死亡・274人重傷**、2023年**7,500件通報**。 ([Phys.org][7])
* **5位 北米**：死亡は少数。 ([위키백과][8])
**要因**：堅果不作・過疎化（日本）、都市周縁の廃棄物（ルーマニア）、林産物採取・畑作との重複（インド/ロシア）。 ([가디언][12])
---
## 中文（简体）— 长篇与排序
**物种排序**
1. **懒熊（印度）**：**攻击频率最高**；部分州**五年735起**，综合回顾**1,169起**，致死比例约**5–8%**，重伤比例高。 ([PMC][2])
2. **棕熊（含灰熊）**：**致死比例更高（~14%）**；俄罗斯长期记录显示**大量死伤**。 ([Nature][1])
3. **亚洲黑熊＋北海道棕熊（日本）**：**2023–2024年激增**（**219名受害者/6死**）。 ([Reuters][3])
4. **美洲黑熊**：遭遇极多，**死亡很少**。 ([위키백과][4])
5. **北极熊**：事件少但常更致命（偏远、医疗难）。
**国家/地区排序**
* **1 印度（＋斯里兰卡）**：全球懒熊冲突中心。 ([JSTOR][5])
* **2 俄罗斯**：2001–2018年**178伤/132死**等。 ([ResearchGate][11])
* **3 日本**：**12个月219起/6死**，放宽紧急射熊规定。 ([Reuters][3])
* **4 罗马尼亚**：**20年26死/274重伤**，2023年**7,500**起报警。 ([Phys.org][7])
* **5 北美**：每年死亡很少。 ([위키백과][8])
**驱动因素**：食物歉收与气候（日本）、人口与垃圾（罗马尼亚）、林下经济与耕作（印度/俄罗斯）。 ([가디언][12])
---
### Sources (selected, public)
* Global brown-bear attack review; patterns & rates. ([Nature][1])
* India sloth-bear literature & tallies (state-level, multi-year). ([PMC][2])
* Japan 2023–2024 record incidents; legal response. ([Reuters][3])
* Romania conflict scale & calls; quota policy context. ([Phys.org][7])
* North America long-term fatality perspective (few per year). ([위키백과][4])
*Data gaps remain; rankings reflect converging evidence as of Nov 6, 2025 (KST).*
[1]: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44341-w?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Brown bear attacks on humans: a worldwide perspective"
[2]: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11239324/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "A most aggressive bear: Safari videos document sloth bear ..."
[3]: https://www.reuters.com/graphics/JAPAN-BEARS/dwpkkldkapm/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Bear attacks are rising in Japan. Aging hunters are on the ..."
[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_attack?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Bear attack"
[5]: https://www.jstor.org/stable/48641451?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Sloth bear attacks on the Deccan Plateau of Karnataka, India"
[6]: https://bioone.org/journals/wildlife-biology/volume-2020/issue-1/wlb.00611/Human-injuries-and-fatalities-caused-by-brown-bears-in-Russia/10.2981/wlb.00611.full?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Human injuries and fatalities caused by brown bears in ..."
[7]: https://phys.org/news/2025-04-census-high-brown-romania.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Census shows high number of brown bears in Romania"
[8]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fatal_bear_attacks_in_North_America?utm_source=chatgpt.com "List of fatal bear attacks in North America"
[9]: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0176612&utm_source=chatgpt.com "Characteristics of human - sloth bear (Melursus ursinus ..."
[10]: https://ntnc.org.np/sites/default/files/doc_publication/2021-05/2020%20Penteriani%20et%20al%20Chapter17-PatternsofBearAttacksonHumansFactorsTriggeringRiskyScenariosandHowtoReduceThem-min.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Patterns of Bear Attacks on Humans, Factors Triggering ..."
[11]: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356556883_Brown_bear-caused_human_injuries_and_fatalities_in_Russia_are_linked_to_human_encroachment?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Brown bear-caused human injuries and fatalities in Russia ..."
[12]: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/23/japan-relaxes-bear-shooting-laws-amid-rise-in-attacks?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Japan relaxes bear-shooting laws amid rise in attacks"
# 전세계 곰 습격 — 다큐멘터리식 심층 리포트 (영/한/일/중)
---
## English — Long-form narrative with evidence-based ranking
### Prologue — Why “ranking” bear attacks is tricky
There is no single global ledger that counts every encounter. Studies are scattered by species, country, and year; many incidents go unreported. Still, converging evidence lets us sketch **which bears and which places currently impose the heaviest risk**: sloth bears in the Indian subcontinent (high frequency), brown bears across Eurasia/North America (moderate frequency, **higher fatality share**), surging encounters in **Japan** (Asiatic black and Hokkaido brown bears), and localized spikes in **Romania** (Carpathian brown bears). ([Nature][1])
---
### Part I — Species leaderboard (what the science and recent reporting suggest)
**#1 Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus)** — **Highest attack frequency on people**
* Multiple studies across India document **hundreds of attacks** in short spans. Historic tallies include **735 attacks in five years** in one state; other compilations review **1,169 attacks** with ~**5–8%** fatality, but a very high rate of severe maulings. Typical contexts: people walking to fields, collecting forest products, surprise daytime encounters. ([PMC][2])
**#2 Brown bear (Ursus arctos; incl. grizzly)** — **Fewer attacks than sloth bears, but a higher fatal fraction**
* A global review estimates **~40 attacks/year** (long-term average), with a **larger share fatal (~14%)** than sloth bears. In **Russia**, compiled records show **hundreds of casualties**, and media report continuing fatalities in the Far East. Romania’s Carpathians show a clear conflict uptick. ([Nature][1])
**#3 Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) & Hokkaido brown bear (U. a. yesoensis)** — **Japan’s surge**
* Japan logged a **record 219 victims, 6 fatalities** in the 12 months through March 2024; authorities culled **9,000+ bears** in that period and later eased emergency shooting rules. This is a **sharp, recent** rise linked to acorn failures, depopulated rural areas, and more human-bear overlap. ([Reuters][3])
**#4 American black bear (Ursus americanus)** — **Many encounters, relatively low fatality rate**
* North American long-term figures show only **a few fatalities per year** despite millions of human-bear interactions. Most incidents are non-fatal defensive swats or food-conditioned approaches escalated by human behavior. ([위키백과][4])
**#5 Polar bear (Ursus maritimus)** — **Rare but often severe in the Arctic**
* Encounters are infrequent (low human density), yet when attacks happen, lethality can be high due to size, predatory framing, and remoteness of medical care. (Robust global numbers are sparse compared with brown/sloth bear datasets.)
**#6 Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) & #7 Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus)** — **Uncommon**
* Verified attacks are comparatively rare and localized; the Andean bear, especially, seldom features in global injury/fatality tallies.
---
### Part II — Country/region heat map (recent burden and trend)
**Tier A — Highest contemporary burden**
1. **India (and parts of Sri Lanka)** — **World’s epicenter for bear maulings**
* Multiple Indian states report **very high sloth-bear conflict**; examples include **hundreds of attacks** over a few years in Madhya Pradesh and frequent injuries in Odisha/Chhattisgarh. Sri Lanka records fewer incidents overall, but severe injuries do occur. ([JSTOR][5])
2. **Russia (Siberia & Far East)** — **Large landscape, steady fatalities**
* Reviews compile **338+ cases** (killed or injured) historically, with focused analyses reporting **178 injuries and 132 fatalities (2001–2018)**; current news continues to document fatal incidents in remote regions. ([BioOne][6])
3. **Japan** — **Record-setting surge (2023–2024)**
* **219 victims, 6 deaths** in one recent 12-month span; the government **relaxed bear-shooting rules** amid rising bear presence in towns. ([Reuters][3])
**Tier B — Significant but lower overall totals**
4. **Romania (Carpathians)** — **Rising conflict in Europe’s biggest brown-bear stronghold outside Russia**
* **26 deaths and 274 serious injuries** in about two decades; **7,500** bear-related emergency calls in **2023** alone; quotas for lethal control were **more than doubled** in 2024–2025 debates. ([Phys.org][7])
5. **United States & Canada** — **Many encounters; relatively few deaths**
* Long-term average: **a handful of fatalities per year** in North America; recent snapshots (2020–2022) show **6 fatal grizzly and 2 fatal black-bear attacks in the U.S.**, with Alaska a consistent hotspot. ([위키백과][8])
6. **Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan (Himalayan arc)** — **Under-reported clusters**
* Included in brown-bear and sloth-bear literature, but with sparse, non-standardized reporting compared with India or Russia. ([Nature][1])
*Method note:* Ordering emphasizes **recent incident load and documented fatalities**, tempered by data quality. Different sources cover different years; the tiers reflect best available public evidence, not perfect comparability. ([Nature][1])
---
### Part III — Anatomy of an attack (patterns that repeat)
* **Surprise at close distance** is the classic trigger (berry thickets, blind bends, dense brush). Brown and sloth bears are most often implicated in **defensive** charges; polar bears more in **predatory** approaches. Time-of-day and season track human activity (fuelwood, honey, mahua, mushroom, acorn foraging). ([Nature][1])
* **Group size matters**: many studies note that **groups are attacked less** than solitary individuals, and making noise reduces surprise. ([PLOS][9])
* **Injury patterns**: sloth-bear maulings often target the **face/head**, leaving severe but survivable trauma; brown-bear attacks more frequently end in fatalities relative to attempts. ([ntnc.org.np][10])
---
### Part IV — What’s driving the rise in some regions?
* **Food failure & climate anomalies** (e.g., acorn mast crashes in Japan) pull bears into towns; **aging hunter numbers** and strict gun laws complicate responses. ([Reuters][3])
* **Population rebounds** (Romania) + **human sprawl & waste** = more contact points. ([Phys.org][7])
* **Resource foraging by people** (India/Russia: mushrooms, honey, fuelwood) increases overlap with bears’ core habitat. ([BioOne][6])
---
### Part V — Fieldcraft that repeatedly saves lives (brief, evidence-aligned)
* Travel **in small groups**, talk/sing on blind trails; avoid dawn/dusk in dense cover.
* Carry **spray** where legal; secure food/waste; never run on first sighting—**back away** while facing the bear.
* In brown/polar predatory approaches: fight with all means; in defensive brown/sloth charges that knock you down: **protect neck/face, play dead** until the bear withdraws (context-dependent; local guidance first).
---
## 한국어 — 심층 서사와 순위
### 프롤로그
단일한 세계 통계는 없습니다. 그럼에도 다수 연구와 최근 보도를 겹쳐 보면 **위험이 큰 축**이 드러납니다: **인도-스리랑카의 나무늘보곰(사금熊; 슬로스베어) 습격 빈도 최상**, **갈색곰(유럽·북미·러시아)의 치명률이 더 높은 경향**, **일본의 최근 급증(반달가슴곰·홋카이도곰)**, **루마니아 카르파티아 산맥의 갈색곰 분쟁 증가**입니다. ([PMC][2])
### 종(種) 순위
1. **나무늘보곰** — **세계 최다 수준의 인명 피해 빈도**. 인도 일부 지역에서 **수년간 수백 건**이 보고되었고, 대규모 합산 연구도 **1,169건**을 정리했습니다(치명률 대략 **5–8%**). ([PMC][2])
2. **갈색곰(그리즐리 포함)** — **공격 수는 중간이지만 치명률이 높음(~14%)**. 러시아는 장기적으로 **수백 건**의 사망·부상 기록이 있습니다. ([Nature][1])
3. **반달가슴곰·홋카이도곰(일본)** — **2023–2024년에 기록적 급증**(피해자 **219명**, 사망 **6명**). ([Reuters][3])
4. **아메리카흑곰** — **조우는 많지만 연간 사망자는 소수**. ([위키백과][4])
5. **북극곰** — **희귀하나 발생 시 치명적일 수 있음**(오지·의료 접근성 문제).
6. **말레이곰**, 7) **안데스곰** — **매우 드묾**.
### 국가/지역 순위(최근 부담 기준)
* **1위 인도(스리랑카 포함)**: **나무늘보곰 분쟁의 세계 중심**. 주 단위로 **수년간 수백 건**이 확인. ([JSTOR][5])
* **2위 러시아(시베리아·원동)**: 2001–2018년에 **부상 178·사망 132** 등 장기 누적이 큼. ([ResearchGate][11])
* **3위 일본**: **12개월 219명 피해/6명 사망**의 신기록, 대응 법규 완화. ([Reuters][3])
* **4위 루마니아**: **20년간 사망 26·중상 274**, 2023년 **7,500건** 신고. ([Phys.org][7])
* **5위 미국·캐나다**: **연간 소수의 사망**(알래스카 등에서 집중). ([위키백과][8])
### 반복되는 패턴과 원인
* **불시 근접 조우**가 핵심 촉발 요인. **그룹 이동·소리 내기**가 위험을 낮춥니다. ([PLOS][9])
* **먹이 흉작·도시화·쓰레기 관리** 문제로 일본·루마니아가 급증. ([가디언][12])
---
## 日本語 — 長編解説と序列
**種別序列**
1. **ナマケグマ**：**世界で最も高頻度**の対人攻撃。インドの一州で**5年間に735件**など、合計**1,169件**レビューも。致死割合は**5–8%**程度だが重傷率が高い。 ([PMC][2])
2. **ヒグマ/ヨーロッパヒグマ**：攻撃数は中程度だが**致死率が高い(~14%)**。ロシアでは**長期的に多数の死傷**が集計。 ([Nature][1])
3. **ツキノワグマ＋エゾヒグマ（日本）**：**2023–24年に急増**（被害者**219人**, 死者**6人**）。 ([Reuters][3])
4. **アメリカグマ**：遭遇は多いが、**死亡は年数件**。 ([위키백과][4])
5. **ホッキョクグマ**：希少だが発生時に重篤化しやすい。
**国・地域序列**
* **1位 インド（＋スリランカ）**：ナマケグマ紛争の中心地。 ([JSTOR][5])
* **2位 ロシア**：2001–2018年で**負傷178・死亡132**など。 ([ResearchGate][11])
* **3位 日本**：**12か月で219件/6人死亡**、射撃規制の緩和。 ([Reuters][3])
* **4位 ルーマニア**：**20年で26人死亡・274人重傷**、2023年**7,500件通報**。 ([Phys.org][7])
* **5位 北米**：死亡は少数。 ([위키백과][8])
**要因**：堅果不作・過疎化（日本）、都市周縁の廃棄物（ルーマニア）、林産物採取・畑作との重複（インド/ロシア）。 ([가디언][12])
---
## 中文（简体）— 长篇与排序
**物种排序**
1. **懒熊（印度）**：**攻击频率最高**；部分州**五年735起**，综合回顾**1,169起**，致死比例约**5–8%**，重伤比例高。 ([PMC][2])
2. **棕熊（含灰熊）**：**致死比例更高（~14%）**；俄罗斯长期记录显示**大量死伤**。 ([Nature][1])
3. **亚洲黑熊＋北海道棕熊（日本）**：**2023–2024年激增**（**219名受害者/6死**）。 ([Reuters][3])
4. **美洲黑熊**：遭遇极多，**死亡很少**。 ([위키백과][4])
5. **北极熊**：事件少但常更致命（偏远、医疗难）。
**国家/地区排序**
* **1 印度（＋斯里兰卡）**：全球懒熊冲突中心。 ([JSTOR][5])
* **2 俄罗斯**：2001–2018年**178伤/132死**等。 ([ResearchGate][11])
* **3 日本**：**12个月219起/6死**，放宽紧急射熊规定。 ([Reuters][3])
* **4 罗马尼亚**：**20年26死/274重伤**，2023年**7,500**起报警。 ([Phys.org][7])
* **5 北美**：每年死亡很少。 ([위키백과][8])
**驱动因素**：食物歉收与气候（日本）、人口与垃圾（罗马尼亚）、林下经济与耕作（印度/俄罗斯）。 ([가디언][12])
---
### Sources (selected, public)
* Global brown-bear attack review; patterns & rates. ([Nature][1])
* India sloth-bear literature & tallies (state-level, multi-year). ([PMC][2])
* Japan 2023–2024 record incidents; legal response. ([Reuters][3])
* Romania conflict scale & calls; quota policy context. ([Phys.org][7])
* North America long-term fatality perspective (few per year). ([위키백과][4])
*Data gaps remain; rankings reflect converging evidence as of Nov 6, 2025 (KST).*
[1]: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-44341-w?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Brown bear attacks on humans: a worldwide perspective"
[2]: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11239324/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "A most aggressive bear: Safari videos document sloth bear ..."
[3]: https://www.reuters.com/graphics/JAPAN-BEARS/dwpkkldkapm/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Bear attacks are rising in Japan. Aging hunters are on the ..."
[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear_attack?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Bear attack"
[5]: https://www.jstor.org/stable/48641451?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Sloth bear attacks on the Deccan Plateau of Karnataka, India"
[6]: https://bioone.org/journals/wildlife-biology/volume-2020/issue-1/wlb.00611/Human-injuries-and-fatalities-caused-by-brown-bears-in-Russia/10.2981/wlb.00611.full?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Human injuries and fatalities caused by brown bears in ..."
[7]: https://phys.org/news/2025-04-census-high-brown-romania.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Census shows high number of brown bears in Romania"
[8]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fatal_bear_attacks_in_North_America?utm_source=chatgpt.com "List of fatal bear attacks in North America"
[9]: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0176612&utm_source=chatgpt.com "Characteristics of human - sloth bear (Melursus ursinus ..."
[10]: https://ntnc.org.np/sites/default/files/doc_publication/2021-05/2020%20Penteriani%20et%20al%20Chapter17-PatternsofBearAttacksonHumansFactorsTriggeringRiskyScenariosandHowtoReduceThem-min.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Patterns of Bear Attacks on Humans, Factors Triggering ..."
[11]: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356556883_Brown_bear-caused_human_injuries_and_fatalities_in_Russia_are_linked_to_human_encroachment?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Brown bear-caused human injuries and fatalities in Russia ..."
[12]: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/23/japan-relaxes-bear-shooting-laws-amid-rise-in-attacks?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Japan relaxes bear-shooting laws amid rise in attacks"