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# Blackwood Explained: Species, Properties, Uses, and Trade Rules
# 블랙우드(Blackwood) 완전정리: 수종·특성·용도·규제까지
## English
### 1) What “Blackwood” actually means (and why it’s confusing)
“**Blackwood**” is a **trade/common name**, not a single species. In practice it most often refers to one of three high-value timbers:
1. **African blackwood** — *Dalbergia melanoxylon* (also sold as **grenadilla / mpingo**) ([캐비디지털도서관][1])
2. **Australian blackwood** — *Acacia melanoxylon* (widely used for furniture and instruments) ([위키백과][2])
3. **Bombay blackwood / East Indian rosewood** — *Dalbergia latifolia* (a rosewood; “Bombay blackwood” is a common English name) ([Winrock International][3])
So when someone says “blackwood,” the **first professional question is always the Latin name** (Dalbergia vs Acacia), because performance and legal requirements can be completely different.
---
### 2) African Blackwood (*Dalbergia melanoxylon*) — the “woodwind instrument” blackwood
**Identity & names**
* Common names: **African blackwood, grenadilla, mpingo**. ([위키백과][4])
* High-value timber; widely cited as one of the premier materials for modern woodwinds. ([캐비디지털도서관][1])
**Why it’s prized**
* Extremely **dense, stable, moisture-resistant**, and “metal-like” in machining behavior, which matters for precision bores and keywork alignment in instruments. ([위키백과][4])
* Primary use: **clarinets, oboes, flutes/piccolos, recorders, bagpipes**, etc. ([위키백과][4])
**Workability & handling**
* Very hard; **blunts cutting tools heavily** and can be demanding to machine and turn. ([wood-database.com][5])
* Because it’s so dense, careful drying and moisture control matter (cracking risk rises with poor seasoning).
**Conservation & trade**
* This species sits within **Dalbergia (rosewoods)**, which is heavily regulated in international trade; documentation often matters for cross-border movement of raw wood and certain products. ([americanorchestras.org][6])
---
### 3) Australian Blackwood (*Acacia melanoxylon*) — the furniture/guitar blackwood
**Identity**
* *Acacia melanoxylon* is the classic “Australian blackwood.” ([위키백과][2])
**Material character**
* Often golden to dark brown heartwood; can show attractive figure (e.g., fiddleback on quartersawn stock). ([위키백과][2])
* Reported density around **~660 kg/m³** and generally good strength; **bends well**, takes stain/finish nicely; gluing can be variable depending on conditions and prep. ([위키백과][2])
**Typical uses**
* **Fine furniture, cabinetry, joinery, veneer, boatbuilding**, and **musical instruments (especially guitars, drums, ukuleles, etc.)**. ([위키백과][2])
**Sustainability/regulatory note**
* Unlike Dalbergia rosewoods, Australian blackwood is **not listed in the CITES Appendices** (and wood-trade references commonly flag that difference). ([wood-database.com][7])
---
### 4) Bombay Blackwood / East Indian Rosewood (*Dalbergia latifolia*) — a “blackwood” that is actually rosewood
**Identity**
* *Dalbergia latifolia* is globally known as **Indian rosewood / East Indian rosewood**, and one of its common English names is **Bombay blackwood**. ([Winrock International][3])
**Uses**
* Premium timber for **furniture, paneling, ornamental products**; frequently traded internationally. ([Winrock International][3])
**Regulatory implications**
* Because it is **Dalbergia**, it falls under the rosewood regulatory landscape (CITES Appendix II framework and its annotations/exemptions). ([americanorchestras.org][6])
---
### 5) CITES reality for “blackwood” (this matters if you ship or travel internationally)
If your “blackwood” is **Dalbergia** (African blackwood, Indian rosewood/Bombay blackwood, many rosewoods), CITES rules can apply.
* **Dalbergia spp.** are covered under CITES Appendix II with **Annotation #15** (with specific exemptions for certain parts/derivatives). ([americanorchestras.org][6])
* Annotation #15 text (as shown in formal proposals) is structured as “all parts and derivatives included, **except** …” with exemptions including items like **leaves/flowers/pollen/fruits/seeds**, and also non-commercial allowances and specified finished-product carveouts. ([cites.org][8])
* A widely discussed practical change is the exemption for **finished musical instruments, finished parts, and finished accessories**, with guidance around a **10 kg** threshold in some contexts; this change is frequently referenced in official/legislative summaries. ([UK Parliament][9])
* Many summaries emphasize that **Dalbergia nigra (Brazilian rosewood)** remains treated differently (Appendix I), so “Dalbergia exemption” talk should never be assumed to cover that species. ([americanorchestras.org][6])
Practical takeaway: for cross-border movement, **write the Latin name on invoices/spec sheets** and keep any required paperwork aligned to that exact species.
---
### 6) Buyer/Builder checklist (how to avoid mislabeling and disappointment)
**Always demand:**
* Latin name (*Dalbergia melanoxylon* vs *Acacia melanoxylon* vs *Dalbergia latifolia*). ([위키백과][4])
* Country/region of origin and product form (logs, sawn wood, veneer, finished object).
* For Dalbergia: CITES-related documentation as applicable to your use case. ([americanorchestras.org][6])
**Performance expectations by type (quick mental model)**
* **African blackwood (Dalbergia melanoxylon):** ultra-dense, precision, woodwinds/turning; expensive; tool-blunting. ([캐비디지털도서관][1])
* **Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon):** versatile tonewood/furniture wood; bends and finishes well; generally less legally complex. ([위키백과][2])
* **Bombay blackwood (Dalbergia latifolia):** classic rosewood class; furniture/paneling; regulated like other Dalbergia. ([Winrock International][3])
---
## 한국어
### 1) “블랙우드”는 한 가지 나무가 아니다
“블랙우드(Blackwood)”는 **통용명/상품명**에 가깝고, 실제 거래에서는 주로 아래 3개를 가리킵니다.
1. **아프리칸 블랙우드** (*Dalbergia melanoxylon*) — 그레나딜라/음핑고로도 유통 ([위키백과][4])
2. **오스트레일리안 블랙우드** (*Acacia melanoxylon*) — 가구·악기용 대표 수종 ([위키백과][2])
3. **봄베이 블랙우드(=인디안 로즈우드 계열)** (*Dalbergia latifolia*) — 영어권에서 “Bombay blackwood”라고도 부름 ([Winrock International][3])
따라서 블랙우드를 제대로 이해하려면, **라틴명(수종)**부터 분리해야 합니다. (달베르지아=로즈우드 규제 대상 vs 아카시아=대체로 비규제)
---
### 2) 아프리칸 블랙우드 (*Dalbergia melanoxylon*) — 클라리넷·오보에의 ‘그 블랙우드’
* **정체/별칭:** African blackwood, **grenadilla**, **mpingo** ([위키백과][4])
* **핵심 용도:** 클라리넷·오보에·피콜로·리코더·백파이프류 등 **목관악기 바디**에 특히 많이 쓰임 ([위키백과][4])
* **왜 선호되나:** 매우 **고밀도·치수 안정성·습기 저항성**이 높고, 정밀 가공 시 “금속처럼” 다루는 느낌이 있다는 평가가 많음 ([wood-database.com][5])
* **가공 난이도:** 매우 단단해 공구 마모가 크고(날이 빨리 무뎌짐) 정밀 가공·건조·수분 관리가 중요 ([wood-database.com][5])
* **규제/보전:** Dalbergia(로즈우드) 속이어서 국제 거래에서 서류/규정 이슈가 걸릴 수 있음 ([americanorchestras.org][6])
---
### 3) 오스트레일리안 블랙우드 (*Acacia melanoxylon*) — 가구·기타의 실용 강자
* **정체:** *Acacia melanoxylon* ([위키백과][2])
* **특성:** 심재가 황금~진갈색으로 나뉘고, 결/무늬목(피들백 등)이 예쁘게 나오는 경우가 많음 ([위키백과][2])
* **물성(요지):** 밀도 약 **660 kg/m³** 수준으로 소개되며, 굽힘 성형이 비교적 좋고 착색·도장이 잘 먹는 편(접착은 조건에 따라 결과가 달라질 수 있음) ([위키백과][2])
* **용도:** 고급 가구·캐비닛·내장재·베니어·보트빌딩·기타 등 **악기 목재**로 폭넓게 사용 ([위키백과][2])
* **규제 포인트:** 달베르지아(로즈우드)와 달리 **CITES 부속서 비등재**로 정리되는 경우가 많아 국제 이동·거래가 상대적으로 단순 ([wood-database.com][7])
---
### 4) 봄베이 블랙우드 / 이스트 인디안 로즈우드 (*Dalbergia latifolia*)
* **정체:** 전세계적으로 Indian rosewood(인디안 로즈우드)로 유명하며, 영문 통용명에 **Bombay blackwood**가 포함됨 ([Winrock International][3])
* **용도:** 가구·판넬·장식 제품 등 고급 목재로 널리 쓰임 ([Winrock International][3])
* **규제:** Dalbergia 속이므로 로즈우드 규제 프레임(CITES Appendix II/주석 체계)을 함께 고려해야 함 ([americanorchestras.org][6])
---
### 5) “블랙우드”의 국제 규제(CITES) 핵심만 정확히 잡기
블랙우드가 **Dalbergia(로즈우드)**이면 CITES 이슈가 생길 수 있습니다.
* **Dalbergia spp.**는 CITES Appendix II에 **Annotation #15**(주석 #15) 형태로 관리되는 것으로 널리 안내됩니다. ([americanorchestras.org][6])
* #15는 “원칙적으로 모든 부위·파생물 포함”을 기본으로 하되, **잎/꽃/화분/열매/씨앗** 같은 예외와 특정 완제품/비상업적 이동 예외를 “except” 조항으로 둡니다. ([cites.org][8])
* 실무적으로 많이 알려진 변화는 **완성된 악기·완성된 부품·완성된 액세서리**의 면제 방향과, 일부 상황에서 언급되는 **10kg 기준** 해석 가이드입니다. ([UK Parliament][9])
* “로즈우드 면제” 이야기를 할 때 **Dalbergia nigra(브라질리언 로즈우드)**처럼 별도(더 엄격) 취급되는 종이 있다는 점을 반드시 분리해야 합니다. ([americanorchestras.org][6])
---
### 6) 구매/제작 실전 체크리스트(가장 중요한 부분)
* 거래서류/스펙에 **라틴명**을 반드시 표기: *D. melanoxylon* / *A. melanoxylon* / *D. latifolia* ([위키백과][4])
* Dalbergia(로즈우드) 계열이면 **CITES 관련 서류 흐름**을 전제로 거래 조건을 잡기 ([americanorchestras.org][6])
* “블랙우드”라는 한 단어만 믿고 주문하면, 색·밀도·가공성·규제가 **완전히 다른 목재**가 올 수 있습니다.
---
## 日本語
### 1) 「ブラックウッド」は総称名
ブラックウッドは単一樹種ではなく、主に次の3系統が流通します。
* **アフリカン・ブラックウッド** *Dalbergia melanoxylon*（grenadilla / mpingo）([위키백과][4])
* **オーストラリアン・ブラックウッド** *Acacia melanoxylon* ([위키백과][2])
* **ボンベイ・ブラックウッド（インディアン・ローズウッド）** *Dalbergia latifolia* ([Winrock International][3])
### 2) 用途で見分ける（実務的な判別）
* 木管楽器（クラリネット／オーボエ等）の文脈なら、多くは **D. melanoxylon** ([위키백과][4])
* 家具・キャビネット・ギター材の文脈なら **A. melanoxylon** が頻出 ([위키백과][2])
* “Bombay blackwood”表記があれば **D. latifolia** を指すことが多い ([Winrock International][3])
### 3) 規制の要点（Dalbergiaかどうか）
* **Dalbergia spp.** は CITES Appendix II（注釈#15）で管理され、例外・免除が注釈に定義されます。([americanorchestras.org][6])
* 完成楽器・完成部品・完成アクセサリーの扱い、10kg基準の解釈などは公式通知や要約で広く参照されています。([UK Parliament][9])
---
## Español
### 1) “Blackwood” no es una sola madera
En el comercio, “blackwood” suele referirse a:
* **African blackwood** *Dalbergia melanoxylon* (grenadilla/mpingo) ([위키백과][4])
* **Australian blackwood** *Acacia melanoxylon* ([위키백과][2])
* **Bombay blackwood / East Indian rosewood** *Dalbergia latifolia* ([Winrock International][3])
### 2) Diferencias prácticas
* *D. melanoxylon*: extremadamente densa; preferida en **instrumentos de viento-madera** (clarinetes/oboes). ([위키백과][4])
* *A. melanoxylon*: muy usada en **muebles** e **instrumentos (guitarras)**; no suele estar listada en CITES. ([wood-database.com][7])
* *D. latifolia*: un **rosewood** importante; “Bombay blackwood” es un nombre común; entra en el marco regulatorio de Dalbergia. ([Winrock International][3])
### 3) Punto crítico: regulación CITES si es Dalbergia
Dalbergia spp. está en Appendix II con **Anotación #15**, con exenciones específicas (p. ej., ciertos materiales y algunas categorías de productos terminados). ([cites.org][8])
---
## Français
### 1) “Blackwood” = nom commercial, pas une essence unique
On appelle souvent “blackwood” :
* **African blackwood** *Dalbergia melanoxylon* (grenadilla/mpingo) ([위키백과][4])
* **Australian blackwood** *Acacia melanoxylon* ([위키백과][2])
* **Bombay blackwood / East Indian rosewood** *Dalbergia latifolia* ([Winrock International][3])
### 2) Usages et propriétés (résumé opérationnel)
* *D. melanoxylon*: bois extrêmement dense, référence pour **instruments à vent** (clarinettes/hautbois). ([위키백과][4])
* *A. melanoxylon*: très apprécié en **ébénisterie** et parfois comme **tonewood**; généralement non listé CITES. ([wood-database.com][7])
* *D. latifolia*: “Bombay blackwood” est un nom courant; c’est un **Dalbergia** donc concerné par le cadre CITES. ([Winrock International][3])
### 3) Point clé CITES (si Dalbergia)
Dalbergia spp. relève de l’Appendice II avec l’**annotation #15**, qui définit ce qui est inclus et les exemptions (certaines parties végétales, certains produits finis/contexts de transport). ([americanorchestras.org][6])
[1]: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.1079/cabicompendium.17783?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Dalbergia melanoxylon (African blackwood)"
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_melanoxylon?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Acacia melanoxylon"
[3]: https://winrock.org/dalbergia-latifolia-the-high-valued-indian-rosewood/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Dalbergia latifolia - the high-valued Indian rosewood"
[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalbergia_melanoxylon?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Dalbergia melanoxylon"
[5]: https://www.wood-database.com/african-blackwood/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "African Blackwood | The Wood Database (Hardwood)"
[6]: https://americanorchestras.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Annotations-and-Musical-Instruments-ENG.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Musical Instruments and Appendix II Annotation #15"
[7]: https://www.wood-database.com/australian-blackwood/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Australian Blackwood | The Wood Database (Hardwood)"
[8]: https://cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/cop/18/prop/12032019/E-CoP18-Prop-52.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "CoP18 Prop. 52 – p. 1 Original language"
[9]: https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-questions/detail/2019-10-30/7625/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Musical Instruments: EU Countries"
# 블랙우드(Blackwood) 완전정리: 수종·특성·용도·규제까지
## English
### 1) What “Blackwood” actually means (and why it’s confusing)
“**Blackwood**” is a **trade/common name**, not a single species. In practice it most often refers to one of three high-value timbers:
1. **African blackwood** — *Dalbergia melanoxylon* (also sold as **grenadilla / mpingo**) ([캐비디지털도서관][1])
2. **Australian blackwood** — *Acacia melanoxylon* (widely used for furniture and instruments) ([위키백과][2])
3. **Bombay blackwood / East Indian rosewood** — *Dalbergia latifolia* (a rosewood; “Bombay blackwood” is a common English name) ([Winrock International][3])
So when someone says “blackwood,” the **first professional question is always the Latin name** (Dalbergia vs Acacia), because performance and legal requirements can be completely different.
---
### 2) African Blackwood (*Dalbergia melanoxylon*) — the “woodwind instrument” blackwood
**Identity & names**
* Common names: **African blackwood, grenadilla, mpingo**. ([위키백과][4])
* High-value timber; widely cited as one of the premier materials for modern woodwinds. ([캐비디지털도서관][1])
**Why it’s prized**
* Extremely **dense, stable, moisture-resistant**, and “metal-like” in machining behavior, which matters for precision bores and keywork alignment in instruments. ([위키백과][4])
* Primary use: **clarinets, oboes, flutes/piccolos, recorders, bagpipes**, etc. ([위키백과][4])
**Workability & handling**
* Very hard; **blunts cutting tools heavily** and can be demanding to machine and turn. ([wood-database.com][5])
* Because it’s so dense, careful drying and moisture control matter (cracking risk rises with poor seasoning).
**Conservation & trade**
* This species sits within **Dalbergia (rosewoods)**, which is heavily regulated in international trade; documentation often matters for cross-border movement of raw wood and certain products. ([americanorchestras.org][6])
---
### 3) Australian Blackwood (*Acacia melanoxylon*) — the furniture/guitar blackwood
**Identity**
* *Acacia melanoxylon* is the classic “Australian blackwood.” ([위키백과][2])
**Material character**
* Often golden to dark brown heartwood; can show attractive figure (e.g., fiddleback on quartersawn stock). ([위키백과][2])
* Reported density around **~660 kg/m³** and generally good strength; **bends well**, takes stain/finish nicely; gluing can be variable depending on conditions and prep. ([위키백과][2])
**Typical uses**
* **Fine furniture, cabinetry, joinery, veneer, boatbuilding**, and **musical instruments (especially guitars, drums, ukuleles, etc.)**. ([위키백과][2])
**Sustainability/regulatory note**
* Unlike Dalbergia rosewoods, Australian blackwood is **not listed in the CITES Appendices** (and wood-trade references commonly flag that difference). ([wood-database.com][7])
---
### 4) Bombay Blackwood / East Indian Rosewood (*Dalbergia latifolia*) — a “blackwood” that is actually rosewood
**Identity**
* *Dalbergia latifolia* is globally known as **Indian rosewood / East Indian rosewood**, and one of its common English names is **Bombay blackwood**. ([Winrock International][3])
**Uses**
* Premium timber for **furniture, paneling, ornamental products**; frequently traded internationally. ([Winrock International][3])
**Regulatory implications**
* Because it is **Dalbergia**, it falls under the rosewood regulatory landscape (CITES Appendix II framework and its annotations/exemptions). ([americanorchestras.org][6])
---
### 5) CITES reality for “blackwood” (this matters if you ship or travel internationally)
If your “blackwood” is **Dalbergia** (African blackwood, Indian rosewood/Bombay blackwood, many rosewoods), CITES rules can apply.
* **Dalbergia spp.** are covered under CITES Appendix II with **Annotation #15** (with specific exemptions for certain parts/derivatives). ([americanorchestras.org][6])
* Annotation #15 text (as shown in formal proposals) is structured as “all parts and derivatives included, **except** …” with exemptions including items like **leaves/flowers/pollen/fruits/seeds**, and also non-commercial allowances and specified finished-product carveouts. ([cites.org][8])
* A widely discussed practical change is the exemption for **finished musical instruments, finished parts, and finished accessories**, with guidance around a **10 kg** threshold in some contexts; this change is frequently referenced in official/legislative summaries. ([UK Parliament][9])
* Many summaries emphasize that **Dalbergia nigra (Brazilian rosewood)** remains treated differently (Appendix I), so “Dalbergia exemption” talk should never be assumed to cover that species. ([americanorchestras.org][6])
Practical takeaway: for cross-border movement, **write the Latin name on invoices/spec sheets** and keep any required paperwork aligned to that exact species.
---
### 6) Buyer/Builder checklist (how to avoid mislabeling and disappointment)
**Always demand:**
* Latin name (*Dalbergia melanoxylon* vs *Acacia melanoxylon* vs *Dalbergia latifolia*). ([위키백과][4])
* Country/region of origin and product form (logs, sawn wood, veneer, finished object).
* For Dalbergia: CITES-related documentation as applicable to your use case. ([americanorchestras.org][6])
**Performance expectations by type (quick mental model)**
* **African blackwood (Dalbergia melanoxylon):** ultra-dense, precision, woodwinds/turning; expensive; tool-blunting. ([캐비디지털도서관][1])
* **Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon):** versatile tonewood/furniture wood; bends and finishes well; generally less legally complex. ([위키백과][2])
* **Bombay blackwood (Dalbergia latifolia):** classic rosewood class; furniture/paneling; regulated like other Dalbergia. ([Winrock International][3])
---
## 한국어
### 1) “블랙우드”는 한 가지 나무가 아니다
“블랙우드(Blackwood)”는 **통용명/상품명**에 가깝고, 실제 거래에서는 주로 아래 3개를 가리킵니다.
1. **아프리칸 블랙우드** (*Dalbergia melanoxylon*) — 그레나딜라/음핑고로도 유통 ([위키백과][4])
2. **오스트레일리안 블랙우드** (*Acacia melanoxylon*) — 가구·악기용 대표 수종 ([위키백과][2])
3. **봄베이 블랙우드(=인디안 로즈우드 계열)** (*Dalbergia latifolia*) — 영어권에서 “Bombay blackwood”라고도 부름 ([Winrock International][3])
따라서 블랙우드를 제대로 이해하려면, **라틴명(수종)**부터 분리해야 합니다. (달베르지아=로즈우드 규제 대상 vs 아카시아=대체로 비규제)
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### 2) 아프리칸 블랙우드 (*Dalbergia melanoxylon*) — 클라리넷·오보에의 ‘그 블랙우드’
* **정체/별칭:** African blackwood, **grenadilla**, **mpingo** ([위키백과][4])
* **핵심 용도:** 클라리넷·오보에·피콜로·리코더·백파이프류 등 **목관악기 바디**에 특히 많이 쓰임 ([위키백과][4])
* **왜 선호되나:** 매우 **고밀도·치수 안정성·습기 저항성**이 높고, 정밀 가공 시 “금속처럼” 다루는 느낌이 있다는 평가가 많음 ([wood-database.com][5])
* **가공 난이도:** 매우 단단해 공구 마모가 크고(날이 빨리 무뎌짐) 정밀 가공·건조·수분 관리가 중요 ([wood-database.com][5])
* **규제/보전:** Dalbergia(로즈우드) 속이어서 국제 거래에서 서류/규정 이슈가 걸릴 수 있음 ([americanorchestras.org][6])
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### 3) 오스트레일리안 블랙우드 (*Acacia melanoxylon*) — 가구·기타의 실용 강자
* **정체:** *Acacia melanoxylon* ([위키백과][2])
* **특성:** 심재가 황금~진갈색으로 나뉘고, 결/무늬목(피들백 등)이 예쁘게 나오는 경우가 많음 ([위키백과][2])
* **물성(요지):** 밀도 약 **660 kg/m³** 수준으로 소개되며, 굽힘 성형이 비교적 좋고 착색·도장이 잘 먹는 편(접착은 조건에 따라 결과가 달라질 수 있음) ([위키백과][2])
* **용도:** 고급 가구·캐비닛·내장재·베니어·보트빌딩·기타 등 **악기 목재**로 폭넓게 사용 ([위키백과][2])
* **규제 포인트:** 달베르지아(로즈우드)와 달리 **CITES 부속서 비등재**로 정리되는 경우가 많아 국제 이동·거래가 상대적으로 단순 ([wood-database.com][7])
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### 4) 봄베이 블랙우드 / 이스트 인디안 로즈우드 (*Dalbergia latifolia*)
* **정체:** 전세계적으로 Indian rosewood(인디안 로즈우드)로 유명하며, 영문 통용명에 **Bombay blackwood**가 포함됨 ([Winrock International][3])
* **용도:** 가구·판넬·장식 제품 등 고급 목재로 널리 쓰임 ([Winrock International][3])
* **규제:** Dalbergia 속이므로 로즈우드 규제 프레임(CITES Appendix II/주석 체계)을 함께 고려해야 함 ([americanorchestras.org][6])
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### 5) “블랙우드”의 국제 규제(CITES) 핵심만 정확히 잡기
블랙우드가 **Dalbergia(로즈우드)**이면 CITES 이슈가 생길 수 있습니다.
* **Dalbergia spp.**는 CITES Appendix II에 **Annotation #15**(주석 #15) 형태로 관리되는 것으로 널리 안내됩니다. ([americanorchestras.org][6])
* #15는 “원칙적으로 모든 부위·파생물 포함”을 기본으로 하되, **잎/꽃/화분/열매/씨앗** 같은 예외와 특정 완제품/비상업적 이동 예외를 “except” 조항으로 둡니다. ([cites.org][8])
* 실무적으로 많이 알려진 변화는 **완성된 악기·완성된 부품·완성된 액세서리**의 면제 방향과, 일부 상황에서 언급되는 **10kg 기준** 해석 가이드입니다. ([UK Parliament][9])
* “로즈우드 면제” 이야기를 할 때 **Dalbergia nigra(브라질리언 로즈우드)**처럼 별도(더 엄격) 취급되는 종이 있다는 점을 반드시 분리해야 합니다. ([americanorchestras.org][6])
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### 6) 구매/제작 실전 체크리스트(가장 중요한 부분)
* 거래서류/스펙에 **라틴명**을 반드시 표기: *D. melanoxylon* / *A. melanoxylon* / *D. latifolia* ([위키백과][4])
* Dalbergia(로즈우드) 계열이면 **CITES 관련 서류 흐름**을 전제로 거래 조건을 잡기 ([americanorchestras.org][6])
* “블랙우드”라는 한 단어만 믿고 주문하면, 색·밀도·가공성·규제가 **완전히 다른 목재**가 올 수 있습니다.
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## 日本語
### 1) 「ブラックウッド」は総称名
ブラックウッドは単一樹種ではなく、主に次の3系統が流通します。
* **アフリカン・ブラックウッド** *Dalbergia melanoxylon*（grenadilla / mpingo）([위키백과][4])
* **オーストラリアン・ブラックウッド** *Acacia melanoxylon* ([위키백과][2])
* **ボンベイ・ブラックウッド（インディアン・ローズウッド）** *Dalbergia latifolia* ([Winrock International][3])
### 2) 用途で見分ける（実務的な判別）
* 木管楽器（クラリネット／オーボエ等）の文脈なら、多くは **D. melanoxylon** ([위키백과][4])
* 家具・キャビネット・ギター材の文脈なら **A. melanoxylon** が頻出 ([위키백과][2])
* “Bombay blackwood”表記があれば **D. latifolia** を指すことが多い ([Winrock International][3])
### 3) 規制の要点（Dalbergiaかどうか）
* **Dalbergia spp.** は CITES Appendix II（注釈#15）で管理され、例外・免除が注釈に定義されます。([americanorchestras.org][6])
* 完成楽器・完成部品・完成アクセサリーの扱い、10kg基準の解釈などは公式通知や要約で広く参照されています。([UK Parliament][9])
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## Español
### 1) “Blackwood” no es una sola madera
En el comercio, “blackwood” suele referirse a:
* **African blackwood** *Dalbergia melanoxylon* (grenadilla/mpingo) ([위키백과][4])
* **Australian blackwood** *Acacia melanoxylon* ([위키백과][2])
* **Bombay blackwood / East Indian rosewood** *Dalbergia latifolia* ([Winrock International][3])
### 2) Diferencias prácticas
* *D. melanoxylon*: extremadamente densa; preferida en **instrumentos de viento-madera** (clarinetes/oboes). ([위키백과][4])
* *A. melanoxylon*: muy usada en **muebles** e **instrumentos (guitarras)**; no suele estar listada en CITES. ([wood-database.com][7])
* *D. latifolia*: un **rosewood** importante; “Bombay blackwood” es un nombre común; entra en el marco regulatorio de Dalbergia. ([Winrock International][3])
### 3) Punto crítico: regulación CITES si es Dalbergia
Dalbergia spp. está en Appendix II con **Anotación #15**, con exenciones específicas (p. ej., ciertos materiales y algunas categorías de productos terminados). ([cites.org][8])
---
## Français
### 1) “Blackwood” = nom commercial, pas une essence unique
On appelle souvent “blackwood” :
* **African blackwood** *Dalbergia melanoxylon* (grenadilla/mpingo) ([위키백과][4])
* **Australian blackwood** *Acacia melanoxylon* ([위키백과][2])
* **Bombay blackwood / East Indian rosewood** *Dalbergia latifolia* ([Winrock International][3])
### 2) Usages et propriétés (résumé opérationnel)
* *D. melanoxylon*: bois extrêmement dense, référence pour **instruments à vent** (clarinettes/hautbois). ([위키백과][4])
* *A. melanoxylon*: très apprécié en **ébénisterie** et parfois comme **tonewood**; généralement non listé CITES. ([wood-database.com][7])
* *D. latifolia*: “Bombay blackwood” est un nom courant; c’est un **Dalbergia** donc concerné par le cadre CITES. ([Winrock International][3])
### 3) Point clé CITES (si Dalbergia)
Dalbergia spp. relève de l’Appendice II avec l’**annotation #15**, qui définit ce qui est inclus et les exemptions (certaines parties végétales, certains produits finis/contexts de transport). ([americanorchestras.org][6])
[1]: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.1079/cabicompendium.17783?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Dalbergia melanoxylon (African blackwood)"
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_melanoxylon?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Acacia melanoxylon"
[3]: https://winrock.org/dalbergia-latifolia-the-high-valued-indian-rosewood/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Dalbergia latifolia - the high-valued Indian rosewood"
[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalbergia_melanoxylon?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Dalbergia melanoxylon"
[5]: https://www.wood-database.com/african-blackwood/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "African Blackwood | The Wood Database (Hardwood)"
[6]: https://americanorchestras.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Annotations-and-Musical-Instruments-ENG.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Musical Instruments and Appendix II Annotation #15"
[7]: https://www.wood-database.com/australian-blackwood/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Australian Blackwood | The Wood Database (Hardwood)"
[8]: https://cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/cop/18/prop/12032019/E-CoP18-Prop-52.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "CoP18 Prop. 52 – p. 1 Original language"
[9]: https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-questions/detail/2019-10-30/7625/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Musical Instruments: EU Countries"